A . 尺寸，形状缺陷
铸造缺陷 casting defects
尺寸超差 impropershrinkage allowance
尺寸不合格 wrong size
模样错误 excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error
壁厚不均 differentthickness
铸型下垂 mold sag
错型 mold shift, shift, miss-match,cross-joint
舂移 ram off, ramaway
塌型 mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker
上型下沉，沉芯 sag( 上型和型芯下垂导致壁厚减小 ）
飞翅 fins, jointflash
翘曲 warp age,buckling, warping, camber
铸件变形 warped casting
挤箱 push up,cramp-off
型裂 broken mold,cracked
掉砂 crush ofmold, crush
变形 deformation,casting distortion, warped casting
B. 缩孔（ 由凝固收缩引起 )
缩孔 shrinkage,shrinkaged cavity
内部缩孔 internalshrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage
敞露缩孔 open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks, depression
缩松 porosity,shrinkage porosity, leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage
缩陷 sink marks,draw, suck-in
芯面缩孔 core shrinkage
内角缩孔 cornershrinkage, fillet shrinkage
出汗孔 extruded bead,exudation
线状缩孔 fissure likeshrinkage
C. 气体缺陷（由气体引起的孔）
气孔 blowholes,gas hole, blow
针孔 pinholes
裂纹状缺陷，线状缺陷 fissure defects
D. 裂纹
裂纹 crack
缩裂 shrinkagecrack
季裂 season cracking,season crack
应力热裂 hot cracking,hot tearing, hot tear
淬火裂纹 quench crack,quenching crack
应力冷裂 cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing, cold tear
龟裂 crack
激冷层裂纹，白裂 chill crack
E. 夹杂物
夹渣 slag inclusion, slag blowholes
砂眼 sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole
其他夹杂物 the other inclusion
胀砂 push up,cramp-off, sand hole
掉砂 crush, crushof mold
硬点 hard spot
浮渣 dross ( 浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称，另外，浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼，两者的区别是形成原因不同）
石墨浮渣 graphite dross,carbon dross
氧化皮夹渣 oxide dross, oxideinclusion, skins, seams
硫化物熔渣 sulfide dross
沉淀物 sludge
夹渣物 sand inclusion,oxide inclusion, skins, seams
黑点，黑渣 black spots,lustrous carbon
涂料夹渣 blacking,refractory coating inclusions
光亮碳膜 lustrous carbonfilms, kish tracks
F. 外观缺陷
浇不足 misrun, short run, cold lap, coldshut
冷隔 cold shut,cold laps
轻度冷隔 seam
两重皮 plate
皱皮 surface fold,gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks
漏箱 run-out,runout, break-out, bleeder
漏芯 mold drop,stiker
未浇满 short pours,short run, poured short
气孔 blowholes, blow
飞翅 fins，joint flash
胀砂，气疱 swell, blister
芯撑未融合 chaplet shut,insert cold shut, unfused chaplet
热粘砂 burn in
热痕 flow marks
内渗豆，冷豆，冷隔 internal sweating, coldshot, shot iron
外渗物 sweating
磷化物渗豆 phosphide sweat
铅渗豆 lead sweat
锡渗豆 tin sweat
掉砂 rat, sticker （ 型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷）
G. 型芯缺陷
砂芯断裂 crushed core,broken core
砂芯压碎 broken core
芯面缩孔 core blow
砂芯缩孔 core blow
砂芯下垂 sag core,deformed core
砂芯弯曲 deformed core
漂芯 shiftedcore, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout
偏芯 core shift
H. 表面缺陷
沾砂 burn on,sand burning, burn in , penetration
粘型（金属型 ） fusion
两重皮 laminations ,plat
机械粘砂 penetration ,metal penetration
夹渣结疤 scabs ,expansion scabs , corner scab
表面粗糙 rough casting ,rough surface
鼠尾 buckle , rattail
涂料结疤 blacking scab ,wash scabs
烘干不足 sever surface ,wash scabs
熟痕 surfacedefect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚断面处形成下陷的蛇状伤痕）
涂料剥落 wash erosion
气疱 blister ,surface or subsurface blow hole
表面粗糙 rough surface , seems , scars
起皮 stripping
剥落结疤 pull down ,spalling scab
伤痕 crow’s feet
麻面 pittingsurface , orange peel , alligator skin
热裂痕 surface folds, gas runs
泡疤表面 surface folds ,gas runs
象皮状皱皮 surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin
皱皮 surface fold, gas run , seams , scare , flow marks
波纹 wave
冲砂 wash
冲蚀 erosion
I. 组织缺陷 （铸铁 )
球化不良 poor nodularity, degenerated graphite
蠕墨化不良 degeneratedgraphite
异常石墨 abnormalgraphite
开花状石墨 exploded graphite
过冷石墨 under cooledgraphite , D-type graphite
石墨细小颗粒 chunky graphite
石墨粗大 kish graphite ,kish
整列石墨 aligned graphite
石墨漂浮 floated graphite
石墨魏氏组织 Widmannstattengraphite
麻口 mottled castiron , mottle
灰点 mottle
反麻口 inverse mottle( 与麻口相反，在薄断面处和尖角处形成的麻口）
白口 chill
反白口 reverse chill ,inverse chill
冷豆 extruded bead, exudation , internal sweating
退火不足 miss annealing ,incomplete annealing
粗大枝晶组织 coarsened dendritic
反偏析 inversesegregation
比重偏析 gravitysegregation
溶质偏析 solutesegregation
宏观偏析 macroscopicsegregation
微观偏析 microscopicsegregation
J. 断口缺陷
表面铁素体 ferrite rim
表面珠光体 pearlite rim
白缘，脱碳 pearlitic rim ,picture frame , pearlite layer
不均匀断口 heterogeneousfractured surface
破碎激冷层 scattered chillstructure , cold flakes
晶粒粗大 rough grain
尖钉状断口 spiky fracturedsurface
冰糖状断口 rock candy fracture surface
K. 力学性能缺陷
硬点 hard spot ( 对铸件，硬点是硬区、白口或冷豆等力学性能缺陷的总称；对铝合金，硬点是铸件内各种高硬度相，如初晶Si相、金属间化合物、氧化物，偏析等总称）
硬度不良 poor hardness ,too high or low hardness
L. 使用性能缺陷
腐蚀性不良 poor corrosionresistance
切削性不良 poor machinability
麻点 torn surface
锌晶间腐蚀 zinc intergranularcorrosion
电导率不良 poor electricalconductivity
M. 其他缺陷
残留飞翅 residual fin
残留黑皮 residual blackskin
浇道冒口断口缺肉 broken casting at gate ,riser or vent
端部缺肉 inside cut
切口缺肉（ 压铸件 ） inside cut
翘曲 ( 喷丸引起） camber , excessivecleaning
铸件弯曲 ( 铸件变形） warped casting , casting distortion , deformed mold , mold creep
打磨缺肉 crow’s feet
铸造管理缺陷
裂纹 crack
压痕 impression
残留物
型砂残留 sand inclusions
喷丸粒残留 residual shot
锌蒸汽向炉壁渗透 zinc infiltration intorefractory
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